Just Answers - Computers and Technology

Spurgeon’s Law says that 90% of everything is crap. This certainly holds true in the world of software development, and especially when it comes to object-

According to USFDA, a combination product is one composed of any combination of a drug and device; biological product and device; drug and biological product

orientation and C++ programming. This is largely due to the pervasiveness and complexity of C++; it’s one of the most commonly used object-oriented languag

; or drug, device, and biological product and fixed dose combination would include two or more combinations of drug.

Examples of combination products may in

es, and yet few people know how to use it effectively. Couple this with the fact that few programmers truly grasp the object-oriented programming philosoph

lude drug-coated devices, drugs packaged with delivery devices in medical kits, and drugs and devices packaged separately but intended to be used together.

y and you have an instant recipe for sloppy code. Volumes can be—and have been—written on how to develop proper object-oriented software designs using C++.

here is enormous increase in the number of combination products entering the market in the recent years. Combination products have proven advantages but fixe

Obviously, there won’t be space in this article for a truly thorough discussion; however, I would like to present a few quick, simple and effective tips fo

d dose combinations are still in the process of convincing regulatory authority on their advantages over the single ingredient formulations.

Combination pro

r developing robust C++ software.

1. Work on the class designs first before deciding on the precise sequence of operations. Many programmers f

ucts have become life saving products for the pharmaceutical companies who doesn’t have many innovative molecules in their product pipeline and have been inc

ancy themselves as doing object-oriented programming, but in reality, they use structured programming with some external object-oriented trappings. Ideally

easingly used in the product life cycle management. Even the companies having product patents are trying to extend their product life cycle through the combi

, one should first select a set of software objects that provide a logical abstraction of the software, then work on the sequence of operations. (This is b

nation products and maximize the revenues. But the companies involved in this practice are overlooking that they are burdening the patients both economically

y no means an absolute rule though, as the process of developing this sequence often reveals ways in which the object design can be refined.)

2. Think in

and physically. They need to rightly judge the benefits of the combination products and they have to even look at the risks involved when combining the produ

terms of design patterns. Design patterns allow someone to draw on years of problem-solving experience within the computer science community. Instead of r

ts. Some of the combination products were well accepted by physicians while others suffered. Companies involved in development of combination products are fi

einventing the wheel, why not just pick one off the shelf?

3. Use ‘const’ objects and ‘const’ functions whenever possible. If you know that an object’s d

ding difficulty in defining their combination products and facing various challenges from selecting a combination to marketing it.

Following aspects would a

ata is never supposed to be modified, then declare the object to be ‘const’. This will prevent you—or worse, a na?ve colleague--from accidentally modifying

dd to the challenges in developing combination products:

Which markets to tap where the combination products can do fairly well?
Which combination prod

its state later on. Of course, one should also declare the appropriate member functions to be ‘const’ as well, to properly enforce this rule.

4. Avoid u

cts are meaningful and rational?
Which therapeutic categories to select?
Which Combinations can address unmet needs of the patients?
Do combin

sing public ‘get’ and ‘set’ member functions. Getters and setters are not inherently bad; however, they are often a sign of poor software abstraction. ‘Ge

tions increase the patient compliance?
What would be the developing cost?
How to tackle the risks encountered during combination product developmen

t’ and ‘set’ functions implicitly force the user to think in terms of the object’s internal data (i.e. whatever these functions are getting or setting), and

t?

As combination products don't fit into the traditional categories of drugs, medical devices, or biological products, the USFDA is in the process of devel

such details should ideally be hidden from the object’s user. Getters and setters have their place, but please use them sparingly.

5. Avoid double indir

ping new procedures for reviewing their safety, efficacy and quality.

Professional from academic institutions, pharmaceutical industries, health care indust

ection. C programmers are forced to work with pointers, and so they are used to having pointers to pointers throughout their code. This can often lead to

y and representatives from various regulatory agencies are working out to design the regulatory requirements for manufacture and sale of combination products

confusing code, due to the all-too-familiar problems of NULL references and pointer arithmetic. In contrast, C++ programmers are under no such constraints,

.

As there is an increasing trend of the combination products companies manufacturing such products should be able to tackle the problems involved in the de

due to the built-in support for variable references in C++; that is, one can always use references to pointers instead, which makes the code much easier to

elopment. They need to be wiser in analyzing the market trends and the regulatory requirements.

Companies that provide selfless information through particip

understand. (Hint: If a C++ programmer uses double indirection, that’s a clear sign that he’s still thinking like an inexperienced C hack!)

tion in industry events and feedback to regulatory authorities would be able to face the challenges and will be successful in developing combination products

HTTP = HTML link (for blogs, profiles,phorums):
<a href="http://www.justanswers.org.ua/article/176550/justanswers-Five-Tips-for-Effective-Objectoriented-Programming-in-C.html">Five Tips for Effective Object-oriented Programming in C++</a>

BB link (for phorums):
[url=http://www.justanswers.org.ua/article/176550/justanswers-Five-Tips-for-Effective-Objectoriented-Programming-in-C.html]Five Tips for Effective Object-oriented Programming in C++[/url]

The key to figuring out where you fit in professionally is to put your academic or previous working life on paper and send your resume to prospective employers. It is then that you will see how it measures up in the real world.

How to find answers to your questions using the collective power of the internet: use Yahoo! Answers. Article explains how Yahoo! Answers works, what types of questions you can ask, what types of problems it can help solve, and why you should want to answers questions yourself. Includes example questions answered at Yahoo! Answers.

HYIP monitors are the main sources of HYIP information. They list all HYIP sites and cater all the relevant information.

Tags

Links

Just Answers - Five Tips for Effective Object-oriented Programming in C++

Related Articles: