Just Answers - Computers and Technology

100,000,000 iPod owners and counting! A remarkable tribute to Apple’s iPod music player – no question! I wonder how many of these iPod owners know how their iPod battery works. Understandably most peopl

According to USFDA, a combination product is one composed of any combination of a drug and device; biological product and device; drug and biological product

e don’t really care as long as it does. However I am interested and I’m sure there are others out there as well who want to know how their iPod battery actually delivers power to their iPod.

Most peopl

; or drug, device, and biological product and fixed dose combination would include two or more combinations of drug.

Examples of combination products may in

e would never realize how complex an iPod battery is nor would they realize how many components can be found within their iPod battery. For starters your iPod battery is made up of highly specialized ba

lude drug-coated devices, drugs packaged with delivery devices in medical kits, and drugs and devices packaged separately but intended to be used together.

tery components including:

iPod battery connector
iPod battery fuse
iPod battery charge and discharge FETs
iPod battery cell pack
iPod battery sense r

here is enormous increase in the number of combination products entering the market in the recent years. Combination products have proven advantages but fixe

esistor

iPod battery primary and secondary protection ICs

iPod battery fuel-gauge IC

iPod battery thermistor

iPod battery pc board

These component

d dose combinations are still in the process of convincing regulatory authority on their advantages over the single ingredient formulations.

Combination pro

s together allow your iPod battery to function so that you can listen to music while doing the various activities of your day. Before we can delve deep into each of these ipod battery components I want

ucts have become life saving products for the pharmaceutical companies who doesn’t have many innovative molecules in their product pipeline and have been inc

o make sure that we understand that these components together work in an effort to produce electrical current to supply to the iPod.

iPods require electrical power in order to function. iPods’ draw ele

easingly used in the product life cycle management. Even the companies having product patents are trying to extend their product life cycle through the combi

ctrical current on demand from your iPod battery. However your iPod battery is not a storage house of electrical energy but instead your iPod battery is your iPod’s internal electrical “factory” that cr

nation products and maximize the revenues. But the companies involved in this practice are overlooking that they are burdening the patients both economically

eates electrical energy through a process known as an electrochemical energy conversion and subsequently your iPod battery delivers electrical current to your iPod. The electrochemical energy conversion

and physically. They need to rightly judge the benefits of the combination products and they have to even look at the risks involved when combining the produ

is a process of replenishing of electrons and it is this electron replenishment that causes the chemical conversion to take place and create the electrical energy byproduct. To understand electrochemica

ts. Some of the combination products were well accepted by physicians while others suffered. Companies involved in development of combination products are fi

l conversion let’s see how electricity is created in the first place.

Electricity is a property of subatomic particles which couples to electromagnetic fields and causes attractive and repulsive forces

ding difficulty in defining their combination products and facing various challenges from selecting a combination to marketing it.

Following aspects would a

between them. This repulsive force between the subatomic particles creates an electric current; the flow of electric charge transports energy from one atom to another. Electrical current is measured in

dd to the challenges in developing combination products:

Which markets to tap where the combination products can do fairly well?
Which combination prod

amperes, where 1 ampere is the flow of 62,000,000,000,000,000,000 electrons per second!

Inside your iPod battery engineers have designed a constant state of disequilibrium, which cause a continuous flo

cts are meaningful and rational?
Which therapeutic categories to select?
Which Combinations can address unmet needs of the patients?
Do combin

w of electrons. When electrons move between the atoms (atoms are made up of particles called protons, neutrons, and electrons) a current or flow of electricity is created. But how is this current of ele

tions increase the patient compliance?
What would be the developing cost?
How to tackle the risks encountered during combination product developmen

ctricity created to begin with? This comes back to our electrochemical conversion. In order to create electrical energy (or a constant state of disequilibrium, which cause a continuous flow of electrons

t?

As combination products don't fit into the traditional categories of drugs, medical devices, or biological products, the USFDA is in the process of devel

there must be an electrochemical system which includes the electrodes and the electrolyte housed within your battery. Electrons flow from one electrolyte to another and the electron flow is conducted b

ping new procedures for reviewing their safety, efficacy and quality.

Professional from academic institutions, pharmaceutical industries, health care indust

y an electrolyte. In ipod batteries for example an electrochemical system can be comprised of the electrodes consisting of Carbon/Graphite for the negative electrode and Lithium cobaltite for the positi

y and representatives from various regulatory agencies are working out to design the regulatory requirements for manufacture and sale of combination products

ve electrode. Between these electrodes is an electrolye which can be a highly conductive solution consisting of lithium hexafluorophosphate. The electrolyte solution is a chemical compound that when dis

.

As there is an increasing trend of the combination products companies manufacturing such products should be able to tackle the problems involved in the de

olved in a solvent (i.e. water) forms a solution that becomes an ionic conductor of electricity. Hence the electrochemical conversion!

Once the electrochemical conversion begins then the balance of the

elopment. They need to be wiser in analyzing the market trends and the regulatory requirements.

Companies that provide selfless information through particip

ipod battery’s specialized hardware components I mentioned above can be put to work transferring and monitoring the iPod battery and the iPod – all for the sole purpose of delivering power to your iPod

tion in industry events and feedback to regulatory authorities would be able to face the challenges and will be successful in developing combination products

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